2007年10月自学考试《英语[二]》完整讲义[129]-学习笔记

9.If someone reading this feels a sense of moral outrage because we are sitting down on the job， I am sorry. （para.4）

　　this 指前面提到的内容。

　　a sense of moral outrage “一种义愤的感觉”

　　sitting down on the job “停下来不干活”

　　10.I have searched my mind in vain for a polite way to tell that reader to go to hell. （para.4）

　　in vain 无效地，徒劳地 to go to hell. 见鬼去

　　“我绞尽脑汁，可是找不到一种礼貌的说法告诉这位读者，见他的鬼去吧。”

　　If you are that reader， I would recommend that you abandon your outrage and begin thinking about doing something similar for yourself.（11）You probably already have， even if you won't admit it. White collar office workers， too， have come under criticism time is being spent around the Mr. Coffee machine， and some people （would you believe it？） have even been having personal conversations on company time. In fact， one office-system expert recently said that he had yet to encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than about 60percent efficiency. （12）

　　11.If you are that reader， I would recommend that you abandon your outrage and begin thinking about doing something similar for yourself. （para.5）

　　would recommend： “我会建议你 … ”

　　如果你是那位读者，我会建议你不要愤怒，并开始思考你自己也干些类似的事。

　　12.In fact， one off-system expert recently said that he had yet to encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than about 60 percent efficiency. （para.5）

　　had yet to encounter “还没有遇到…”

　　Management often struggles hare to set up a situation where work is done in series： a worker receives an article of manufacture， does something to it， and passes it on to another worker， who does something else to it and then passes it on to the next guy， and so on…… the assembly line is a perfect example of this. Managers like this type of manufacture because it is more efficient -that is ，it achieves more production. They also like it for another reason， even if they will not admit it： it makes it very difficult for the worker to do anything other than work. （13）

　　13.They also like it for another reason， even if they will not admit it： it makes it very difficult for the worker to do anything other than work. （para.6）

　　other than “除了… 以外”

　　Frederick W. Taylor， the efficiency expert who early in this century conducted the time-and -motion studies that led to the assembly-line process， tried to reduce workers to robots， all in the name of greater production.（14）His staff of experts， each armed with clipboard and stopwatch， studied inspanidual workers with a view toward eliminating unnecessary movement. （15）They soon found a great deal of opposition from the workers.

　　14.Frederick W. Taylor， the efficiency expert who early in this century conducted the time-and-motion studies that led to the assembly-line process， tried to reduce workers to robots， all in the name of greater production. （para.7）

　　主语有一个很长的同位语，其中有两个定语从句，有who 和that 引导。

　　全句译为：“效率专家Frederick W. Taylor，（佛雷德里克。泰勒）早在本世纪初就进行了时间与动作的研究，从而导致了装配线生产过程的出现。他还试图将工人变成机器人，这都是以提高产量的名义进行的。”

　　15.His staff of experts， each armed with clipboard and stopwatch， studied inspanidual workers with a view toward eliminating unnecessary movement.

　　each armed with clipboard and stopwatch， 过去分词短语为独立结构，作伴随状语，each是分词独立结构的逻辑主语，armed为过去分词，意思是：“被 … 武装”

　　Most people not directly engaged in daily work express disapproval when they hear of people working on and off. （16）A studied campaign with carefully chosen language -“a full day's work for a full day's pay，” “taking a free ride” -has been pushed by certain employers to discredit the practice， and their success is such that I rarely discuss it except with other workers.（17） My response is personal， and a feel no need to defend it： If I am getting a free ride， how come I am so tired when I go home at the end of a shift？

　　16.Most people not directly engaged in daily work express disapproval when they hear of people working on and off.

　　not directly engaged in daily work 和 working on and off.都是分词短语作定语修饰people不直接从事日常工作的大多数人，当他们听到人们干干停停的做法时，表示不赞成。

　　17.A studied campaign with carefully chosen language——“ a full day's work for a full day's pay，” “taking a free ride”—— has been pushed by certain employers to discredit the practice， and their success is such that I rarely discuss it except with other workers.

　　a studied campaign “一场经过研究的运动”

　　such that 引导结果状语从句，“如此以至于… ”

　　全句大意为：“某些雇主大力发动一场周密策划的运动，使用精心措词的口号——给一天钱干一天活，只拿钱不干活，—— 来败坏干干停停这种做法的名声。”