2007年10月自学考试《英语[二]》完整讲义[28]-学习笔记

Para.4

　　6. which引导定语从句修饰country ， although 引导让步状语从句

　　it is not technically legal 根据法律是不合法的。

　　technically ad. 严格按法律意义地，严格遵循某些规章制度地

　　（备注：荷兰在2001年四月已立法）

　　本句译为：“尽管它根据法律是不合法的，但是荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家。”

　　7. who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch parliament two years ago 是定语从句修饰doctors.而其中 “ introduced …。 ago” 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰guidelines.介词under 在此表示“根据，按照”。

　　主句： doctors … … are usually not prosecuted.

　　本句的意思是：不过，执行安乐死的医生如果遵守荷兰议会两年前制定的严格准则，通常不会遭起诉。

　　8. 三个that 引导的都是demand 的宾语从句，说明执行安乐死必须同时满足这三个条件。demand 在此表示“规定”，而不是“要求”的意思，因此，其后所接宾语从句也没有用（should）+ 动词原形的虚拟语气形式。

　　本句的意思是：这些准则要求，病人必须正在经受极大的痛苦，没有制愈的可能，并且病人一再恳求安乐死。

　　introduce：推行

　　In addition to this， a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.

　　9 a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.

　　a second doctor = another doctor 另外一名医生

　　第二部分 para.5 —— para.10

　　Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others？ Dr， Wilfred van Oijen， Cees van Wendel‘s doctor， explains how he looks at the question：

　　Para.5 提出问题 Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others？

　　10 Cees van Wendel‘s doctor， 是 Dr， Wilfred van Oijen的同位语。此句的主语和谓语被同位语所分开。，谓语是 explains ， how he looks at the question：是宾语从句。

　　life的复数是lives

　　“Well， it‘s not as if I’m planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case， killing is the worst thing 1 can imagine. But that‘s entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don’t suffer too much. That‘s a very different thing.”

　　Para.6

　　11 as if = as though 仿佛，好像…似的

　　引导方式状语从句，一般用虚拟语气，如果与事实相符，也可用陈述语气。

　　12 In that case ， 在那种情况下 case n. 情况，事例，案例，病例

　　killing is the worst thing 1 can imagine. 杀人是我能想象出的最残忍的事情

　　Para.7 、8（两位反对安乐死的人和他们的观点）

　　Many people， though， are totally against the practice of euthanasia， Dr. Andrew Ferguson， Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia， says that “in the vast majority of euthanasia cases， what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or family - there‘s nearly always another question behind the question.”

　　13 Many people， though， are totally against the practice of euthanasia， 此句中的though = however

　　14 Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia， 是Dr. Andrew Ferguson，的同位语。此句的主语和谓语被同位语所分开。

　　Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices - special hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders， President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement， argues that euthanasia doesn‘t take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people： “It’s very easy in society now for the elderly， the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens， and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.

　　15 “president of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement” 是Cicely Saunders 的同位语。此句的主语和谓语被同位语所分开。

　　“ that euthanasia doesn‘t take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying 是argue 的宾语从句；在宾语从句中，there are ways of caring for the dying 是take 的宾语从句。

　　此句的意思是：国家晚期病人收容所委员会主席和收容运动发起人茜西里？桑得斯认为安乐死没有考虑到总会有办法照顾临终病人。

　　16 “ that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does not make those people more vulnerable” 句中第一个that是think 的宾语从句的引导词，that legally allows the shortening of life 是定语从句，修饰anything .

　　vulnerable 是形容词作宾语补语

　　Many find this prohibition of an inspanidual‘s right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is important and should be respected， they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die： “What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven’t the right. And that when people are very ill， we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases， why not？”