自考《英语[二]》完整讲义[17]-学习笔记

10.Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole.

　　我们的时空法则似乎不适用于黑洞区内的物体。（介词短语作定语）

　　11.We do not yet…relativity theory； but it is…for their existence.

　　yet： still

　　此句中的it为形式主语，实际主语为that引导的主语从句

　　before引导时间状语从句

　　12.It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.

　　此句是强调句，强调状语only recently. 强调结构为 It is + 被强调部分 + that …

　　13.a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. （about引导的介词短语作定语修饰data）

　　which 引导定语从句修饰 holes

　　data 的单数为datum

　　14.Exploding 和believed to be black holes 均为分词作定语，修饰stars

　　The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars， as their name suggests， are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems， astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star， a “partner” to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star， which exerts such a great force， be a black hole？ Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too， which might have black holes as companions.

　　Para.4

　　15.The most…affects each other.

　　as 的用法，引导非限定性定语从句。修饰Binary stars “双星系”

　　whose 引导定语从句修饰 twin stars

　　16.下面的几句话中的which 用作定语从句的引导词，可用于限制性定语从句，也可用于引导非限制性定语从句。that 则不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。

　　The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand， scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.

　　第三部分

　　Para.5

　　17 There might be…a very rapid rate.

　　swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate是现在分词短语作定语，修饰hole

　　at the center of our galaxy 是状语

　　story 比较真实的故事

　　fiction 不太真实的故事同义词：novel

　　18 They show us…space and time.

　　此句中which 引导限定性定语从句修饰world

　　注意介词 in 和 from 的用法，它们各自的搭配为 in a way和 different…from

　　译为：他们给我们展示了一个跟我们自己的截然不同的世界。

　　重点句：

　　1.Well， it's difficult to answer this question， since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. （第一段）

　　2.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space （not a thing ） into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape - not even light. So we can't see a black hole. （第一段）

　　3.The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point； they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. （第二段）

　　4.Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. （第二段）

　　5.The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star - a star， whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. （第二段）

　　6.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble， but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull， and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. （第二段）

　　7.For example， if a man fell into a black hole， he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. （第三段）