英语（一）自考复习全指导：课文详解-学习笔记

　　Fallacies about Food （链接，一些食物的画面）

　　Many primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. ① They thought， for example， that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies. ②

　　Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory. Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. Tomatoes also were believed to have magical powers. They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love. ③

　　Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up ④— the idea that they were poisonous. How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II.

　　Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. Some of them are very widespread.

　　One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.

　　Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea， but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.

　　Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation have to do with mixtures of foods. ⑤A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. ⑥ The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible. As a matter of fact， milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles it； the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination. ⑦

　　Still another wrong idea about mixing foods is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal. Many people think of bread， for example， as a carbohydrate food. It is chiefly a carbohydrate food， but it also contains proteins. In the same way， milk， probably the best single food， contains both proteins and carbohydrates. It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk. ⑧（老师停顿）

　　（以下课文详解分别与上面划线部分内容相链接，注：链接序号前面的句子）

　　课文详解：

　　1.此句是个宾语从句， “ by eating an animal” 是宾语从句中的状语。people 一般用作集合名词，后面不加 “-s” 指人、人们，一般与复数动词连用。如：The people in the village like the doctor. 村里的人喜欢那位医生。此句中 “ peoples” 表示的是种族、民族、是可数名词。

　　2.此句中 “ may have started” 是“情态动词 + have done的形式”表示对过去或某时以前发生的行为的推测。

　　例：He may have heard of the name but now he doesn‘t remember it. 他可能听说过这个名字，但现在不记得了。

　　其他类似用法：

　　must + have done ； can + have done； should +have done ； ought to + have done ；

　　3.此句中 be supposed to 表示被看作是…

　　例： Cats are supposed to have nine lives. 猫被认为有九条生命。

　　4.grow up：兴起，逐渐形成

　　例： New cities grow up into desert.新的城市在沙漠崛起。

　　5.which … have no foundation 是定语从句。该定语从句中含有插入成分scientists tell us ， 表示信息的来源。

　　6.此句中that 引导一个同位语从句，先行词是belief .由于主语太长，因此把become general 提前。

　　7.此句中，that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination 是表语从句，其中when eaten at the same meal 是连接词when 加上过去分词短语构成的时间状语从句。 该状语从句插在了主句的主语和谓语中间。

　　8.just as foolish to … as it is to … 引出方式状语从句，第一个as 是副词，第二个as 是连接词。