09年10月自考英语（一）串讲笔记（unit15）-学习笔记

　　Text A　How TV Violence Affects Kids

　　搭配:

　　1. Exposure to 暴露于；接触到e.g. exposure to violence 接触到暴力

　　2. Have effects on sb./sth. 对某人/某事有影响；affect 为动词；effect 为名词

　　3. Point out 指出

　　4. Distinguish sth./sb. from sth./sb. 区别某事或某人

　　5. Tend to do sth. 倾向去做某事

　　6. Make better sense of sth./sb. 更好的理解某人或某事

　　7. Apply sth. to sth. 把什么应用在什么上

　　8. Make sb. guilty 让某人很内疚

　　9. As an alternative to sth./doing sth. 作为什么的替换

　　语言点:

　　1. Between 1982 and 1986, the amount of television time allocated（过去分词作后置定语） each week to（把什么分配给某人,尤指时间） violent programs increased significantly.

　　2. Given（考虑到） the amount of time that children watch television, it has become one of the most powerful models they want to follow.

　　3. Recover 恢复（v.）； recovery 恢复

　　4. Realistic 现实的（adj.）； unrealistic 不现实的（adj.）

　　5. Children naturally often want the toys shown（过去分词shown做toys的宾语补足语,表是被上演） on and advertised during these programs.

　　6. Imitate 模仿（v.）； imitative （adj.）

　　7. Imagine 想象（v.）； imaginative （adj.）

　　8. Children simply imitate the behavior observed during the program, thus undermining （现在分词做结果状语, 表示破坏）both the imaginative and the expressive functions of play.

　　9. Appear to be +形容词；e.g. appear to be crazy 好像疯了一样

　　10. It would be a good idea to control his viewing.（动名词观看电视作宾语）

　　11. Controlling viewing（动名词作主语） is easier to do during the preschool years than during the school years, so you should initiate a pattern of restricted television watching now.

　　12. Help your child to interpret what she sees-to think of explanations for the events depicted（过分作后置定语,表示被描述的）and to imagine how the show is put together.

　　13. Violent 暴力的；nonviolent 非暴力的

　　Text B　Why Don‘t Girls Think Like Boys?

　　搭配:

　　1. Be better at sth./doing sth. 擅长做某事

　　2. According to 根据

　　3. On the average 平均地

　　4. Show ability in sth./doing sth. 有做某事的能力

　　5. Be determined by sb./sth. 有什么（人）决定

　　6. Have an advantage 有什么优势

　　7. Keep close to sb. 与某人亲密

　　8. Insist upon doing sth. 坚持做某事

　　语言点:

　　1. 时态题:In recent studies, young babies have been observed and tested to discover how different abilities are developed.

　　2. Thinking ability 思维能力

　　3. The baby,while seated（不能用seating） on its mother‘s lap, watches a “show” on a small theater stage.

　　4. Girls immediately become excited（用ed是因为这是人内心的情感,如果给别人造成某种影响应该用ing的形式） and begin to make noises that sound like language.

　　5. Seem后面只能用to do 的形式

　　6. But what have the boys been doing（现在完成进行时,表示动作持续） in the years before starting school?

　　7. It has long been assumed that +从句（长期以来,人们认为）

　　8. Require doing sth. 要求做某事